1. Definition

A One Person Company (OPC) is a type of private limited company in India designed for sole entrepreneurs who want to run a business independently while enjoying the benefits of a corporate entity. Registered under the Companies Act, 2013, an OPC has limited liability protection, meaning the sole owner’s personal assets are separate from the company’s liabilities. It combines the simplicity of a sole proprietorship with the legal recognition of a company.

2. Key Features

• Single member/owner: Only one person is required to form an OPC.

• Director: The member acts as the director; one nominee director is also required who will take charge in case of owner’s incapacity.

• Limited liability: Owner’s personal assets are protected from business debts.

• Separate legal entity: OPC can own property, enter contracts, and sue or be sued.

• Perpetual succession: Company continues even if the owner dies, via nominee.

• Name Restrictions: Must include “OPC Private Limited” in the name.

3. Documents Required

For Member/Director:

• PAN card (mandatory)

• Aadhaar, voter ID, driving license, or passport as address proof

• Passport-size photograph

For Registered Office:

• Electricity, water, or gas bill

• Rent agreement (if office is rented)

• Landlord NOC (if rented)

All documents are digitally submitted to the MCA portal for verification.

4. Registration Process

1. Obtain DSC (Digital Signature Certificate) for the member/director.

2. Apply for DIN (Director Identification Number).

3. Name Approval: File RUN-OPC form with 2 suggested unique names.

4. Draft MOA & AOA: Define company objectives and internal rules.

5. File SPICe+ (INC-2) Form along with required documents.

6. On approval, MCA issues Certificate of Incorporation (COI).

Timeline: Usually 5–7 working days if all documents are complete.

5. Government Compliances Included

• Unique Corporate Identification Number (CIN) issued.

• PAN and TAN automatically generated.

• Filing of MOA & AOA with ROC ensures legal recognition.

• Post-registration, annual compliance like filing Annual Return and Financial Statements is mandatory.

• MCA ensures name uniqueness and legal validity of OPC.

6. Charges and Costing (CapitalBox)

• Base Package: ₹12,000 GST included – covers single member/director.

• Professional services include end-to-end assistance, document drafting, and MCA filing.

• Additional charges may apply if office address or nominee-related formalities require extra work.

7. Benefits of OPC

• Limited liability protection for the sole owner.

• Separate legal entity increases credibility with banks, investors, and clients.

• Simple management and lower compliance compared to Pvt Ltd Company.

• Perpetual succession ensures business continuity through nominee.

• Ideal for sole entrepreneurs who want to scale business without partners.

8. Who Should Register an OPC?

• Individual entrepreneurs starting their own business.

• Freelancers or consultants who want corporate credibility.

• Small business owners seeking legal recognition with minimal compliance.

• Anyone wanting asset protection and growth potential without involving partners.